Sunday, August 08, 2021

Argentine writer Cesar Aira’s novel “The Divorce”

This is the first time I tried the work of Cesar Aira, the Argentine author. I enjoyed his way of provoking and stimulating the reader with surprise twisting of sub plots, cerebral analysis and delightful descriptions. He takes the readers for leisurely stroll in the streets of Buenos Aires stopping at cafes, bars and restaurants and letting us listen to the unending Argentine conversations, complaints and debates. 
 
Aira opens the story with the sentence,”When I left Providence (Rhode Island) in early December, the first fall of snow already lay buried beneath the second, and the second fall beneath the third”. That’s what one finds inside the novel; layer of one story buried under another.



 
Here is a sample of the way Aira describes an incident :
 
“El Gallego, the owner of the restaurant inserted the crank handle and started turning it, and the first fold of the awning opened out, a mass of water fell onto the pavement. It had rained overnight and the water had pooled in the canvas. Luckily it came down well away from the line of tables, and didn’t even splash us. Perhaps it wouldn’t have splashed us even if we had been closer, because it was as if every last drop had been absorbed by the victim: a young man with a bicycle. He wasn’t riding his bicycle but wheeling it; he had probably just got off and stepped up onto the pavement. The water doused him as if it had been expertly aimed. And it was no small amount. No shower of separate drops. It was a solid bucketful, gallons of it plunging with the force of gravity, right down onto him. He stood there transfixed by surprise, fright and wetness. Especially wetness, which overpowered all the rest. He was drenched, down to the last thread of his clothes, the last strand of his hair and the last cell of his skin. He seemed to go on getting wetter, in a process that transcended the temporality of the accident. The water ran over his face and down his arms (eddying around his watch); smooth waves of it passed under his T-shirt, swelling and rippling the fabric; it flowed down inside his Bermuda shorts, formed little translucent curtains like glass tubes around his calves, and bubbled coldly all over his sandalled feet. We stared in fascination, frozen like him. He was right there in front of our table. A moment passed, the briefest of moments, perhaps. Time is especially hard to measure in such circumstances. Perhaps no time passed at all, or only the infinitesimal fraction of a second required for the eye of the totally soaked young man to communicate with his brain. He didn’t have to look around because chance, as I said, had put him right there in front of our table; the same chance that had placed him beneath that cascade at just the right moment. He opened his mouth, parting the veils of water that were still flowing over his lips, and cried: ‘Leticia!’. The young video artist who was sitting with me, and had seen it all happen, suddenly found herself having to make a psychological readjustment. I know, because I was looking at her and could see the mental process reflected in her face. The protagonist of this episode had been a stranger, like every victim of a mishap witnessed in the street. It’s never Juan or Pedro but the guy who tripped or was mugged or got run over. But now, with the help of memory, she had to reassign the stranger to the category of people whose names she knew. This too was a very rapid operation. It happened in a flash, before all the water had fallen from the awning, or so it seemed: ‘Enrique!’ She leapt up, went straight over and hugged him, oblivious to getting wet”.
 
With such delightful descriptions, the book is entertaining and intriguing. But when I settled down to enjoy the scenic journey, the story stopped and ended abruptly with this: 
 
“Oblivious to the accident that he had caused, El Gallego kept turning the crank handle. Enrique, like an actor left in the middle of the stage when the play has finished, stood there dripping, motionless, stunned by the surprise. And with one hand, he went on holding the delicate machine at his side: that ‘little steel fairy’, the bicycle, from whose spinning stories are born”.
 
I felt like Enrique who ends up like “an actor left in the middle of the stage when the play has finished, stood there dripping, motionless, stunned by the surprise” and wonders “how could there have been an ending if the beginning was still going on?”
 
I am hooked to the way Aira spins stories on the pavements of cafes and bars of my beloved Buenos Aires, the Borgesian city. I am going to read his other books.

Roberto Bolano, the famous Chilean writer said, "If there is one contemporary writer who defies classification, it is César Aira, who has written one of the five best stories I can remember".

 

Thursday, August 05, 2021

Impressive increase in India's pharmaceutical exports to Latin America

India’s pharmaceutical exports to Latin America increased by 15% to 1108 million dollars in 2020-21 (April-March) from 962 m in 2019-20 (according to the latest data published by India’s Ministry of Commerce). This is against the backdrop of a decline of 3% in India’s total exports to the region.
 
Exports to Peru increased by a remarkable 86% to 128 m from 69 million in the year before.
 
Exports to Mexico jumped by 80% to 114 m from 64 m
 
Exports to Chile went up by 32% to 123 m from 93 m
 
Exports to Venezuela increased by 39% to 52 m from 39 m 
 
Exports to Dominican Republic were up by 37% to 54 m from 39 m
 
There were modest increases in exports to Brazil (317 m from 298 m), Colombia (68 m from 65 m) and Guatemala ( 48 m from 44 m).
 
In the last five years, the exports to Latin America have doubled from 651 m in 2016-17.
 
Pharmaceuticals are now the third largest export to the region after vehicles and chemicals.
 
Exports to USA
 
India’s pharma exports to USA went up by 13% to 7.2 billion dollars in 2020-21 from 6.3 bn in 2019-20. USA continues to be the # 1 market for India’s pharma exports which have gone up by four times in the last decade from 1.8 bn in 2010-11.



 
Global Exports
 
India’s global exports of pharma showed an even more impressive increase of 19% to 19.4 billion dollars in 2020-21 from 16.3 bn in 2019-20.
 
Pharmaceutical exports have been on a steady trajectory of increase in the last two decades moving up from just 945 million dollars in 2000-01 and 6.6 billion dollars in 2010-11.
 
Pharmaceutical exports were #3 in the ranking of India’s global exports after diesel (26.8 bn) and diamonds (26.1 bn), up from the 8th position in 2010-11 and 14th position in 2000-01.

But both diesel and diamond exports involve large imports of raw materials namely crude and raw diamonds which account for over 80% of the export value. In the case of Pharma, imports of raw materials are about 32 % of total requirements while the rest is produced in India itself. So the absolute value derived from Pharma exports is much more than from the exports of diesel and diamonds. 
 
It is time for the government of India to recognize this growing importance of pharma exports and formulate long term strategies for further growth. 

Pharma is one of the few export items in which India is ahead of China with competitive strength and solid reputation. China's exports in 2020 were 13 billion dollars. China ranked 13th, behind India's 11th position in global Pharma exports. However, China is the world's largest supplier of Pharma raw materials.

India has been recognized as a  “Pharmacy of the Global South”, with its pharmaceutical industry ranking third largest in the world in terms of medicines produced by volume. India accounts for 20% of global generic medicine exports by volume and supplies over 50% of global demand for vaccines.